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OJPKTM
©
(Online
J Pharmacol and Pharmacokinetics)
Established
1996
ISSN 1443-2285
Volume
4: 1-17, 2008
Pharmacokinetics
of Cyanidin
and Anti-Influenza Phytonutrients in an
Elder
Bill Roschek Jr., Randall S. Alberte*
HerbalScience Group LLC.,
ABSTRACT
Roschek B Jr, Alberte
RS, Pharmacokinetics
of Cyanidin and
Anti-Influenza Phytonutrients in an Elder
Berry
Extract Determined by LC-MS and DART TOF-MS Online J
Pharmacokinetics, 4:
1-17, 2008 Pharmacokinetic
analyses were conducted on flavonoid phytonutrients in a
Standardized
Elder Berry Extract (SEBX) to determine bioavailability and uptake kinetics,
and to compare LC-MS and DART TOF-MS for pharmacokinetic analyses. In
the first
study, serum and urine levels of Cyanidin
from an
SEBX lozenge were monitored by LC-MS in 6
individuals.
In the second study, DART TOF-MS was used to compare the serum
pharmacokinetics
and bioavailability of Cyanidin and other flavonoids in SEBX when delivered as a
slow-dissolve
lozenge and as a drink from a single individual. When the SEBX lozenge
was
consumed, serum concentrations of Cyanidin
were
between 3.1 (LC-MS) and 5.4 nmol L-1 (DART
TOF-MS),
equivalent to 2.7 and 4.7% bioavailability (BA), respectively. Averionol (methylated
flavonoid) reached a Cmax of 23 nmol L-1 (10.5% BA), while Tristenonol
(esterified flavonoid)
and Istrocyanidin
(A-type proanthocyanidin) reached Cmax values
of 3.9 nmol L-1 (8.6% BA) and
7.5 nmol L-1 (19.7% BA), respectively.
When the SEBX
was consumed as a drink, the bioavailability of Cyanidin
decreased 20-fold (0.2% BA), while Averionol
and Istrocyanidin decreased 2-fold (4.6
and 10.8% BA,
respectively) compared to the lozenge ingestion, indicating primary
uptake in
the oral cavity. The bioavailability of Tristenonol
increased by ca. 2-fold (18.8% BA) when the SEBX drink was consumed
compared to
the lozenge indicating the small intestine as the primary uptake site.
Key Words: Elder
berry, DART TOF-MS, Cyanidin,
Influenza